Teaching AI from Scratch

CPSC 1710 · Introduction to AI Applications
Xiuye 'Sue' Chen · Neuroscience & Computer Science

That's more or less what we're asking students to do with AI.

The Course

PhaseWeeks
1. Use1–2Black box
2. Understand3–7Open the box
3. Build8–11Toolbox

They use AI freely in 1 and 3. The difference is what they understand about it.

Prereqs: one semester of coding or math.

The homework arc

HWTopicAI policy
1Intro to DL"Feel free to ask your AI assistant"
2Text-to-SpeechAI encouraged
3MNIST Deep DiveOpen-book; AI for facts only
4Mini Text GenMixed — hand-compute + code with AI
5Build Your Own LMMixed
6Computer VisionMixed
7GenAI LLMs"Use any AI at your disposal"

The Tension

Homework 3 was easy to complete using AI but very difficult to understand theoretically.

— student week-4 reflection

The key assignment: prompt.txt

After studying code with AI help, students write a specification:

If you recreated it successfully, your prompt is now a good abstraction of the code.

poorvucenter.yale.edu/resource/ai-prompting-to-test-code-comprehension

What They Built (final projects)

DomainProjectsTechniques
Finance / Economics5RAG, sentiment analysis, ensemble ML
Sports Analytics3XGBoost + SHAP, clustering, object detection
Food / Sustainability2Computer vision (YOLOv11), embeddings + RAG
Education Technology2Multi-agent LLM, local RAG
Career / Networking2RAG, multimodal analysis
Computational Biology1Fine-tuned LLM (410M params) on 570K cells
AI Fairness1Embedding analysis, hidden layer inspection

What They Took Away

Before this class, I didn't realize that LLMs are basically just a ton of mathematical equations doing next word prediction. I thought there was a lot more 'magic' to it.

— demystification

I do not have an engineer background but I feel that I can communicate with them now.

— technical agency

The biggest thing I learned from this class that surprised me was the unraveling of my dependence on AI. When I allowed AI to completely take over I was frustrated by the 'slop' effect.

— trust calibration

We're at the very beginning of AI + education.

AI is extremely powerful, and it is here to stay.

I think of teaching as a prescription, so our students can build immunity under supervision for life-long learning.

Thank you

sue.chen@yale.edu